The Republic of Congo has launched one of its most ambitious domestic security operations in recent years. On the orders of President Denis Sassou Nguesso, a national campaign aims to dismantle violent youth gangs, known as kulunas. Since late September 2025, Operation Zero Kuluna has been restoring hope to the population after more than a decade of urban insecurity.
An entrenched criminal subculture
Emerging in the early 2010s in Brazzaville and Pointe-Noire, the kulunas evolved into structured criminal networks controlling neighborhoods, trafficking drugs, and extorting businesses. Their violent actions were often glorified in youth culture, even attracting teenagers from affluent families. A brutal attack on a pregnant woman in September served as a tipping point, spurring authorities into action.
Deployment of elite forces
For the first time, the Presidential Guard (DGSP) and the Republican Guard (GR) – typically dedicated to protecting high authorities – were deployed in the streets. Their reputation for integrity bolstered public confidence. An SMS alert system was established, offering rewards for information leading to the arrest of gang leaders.
President Sassou Nguesso emphasized the priority and enduring nature of this operation: “This will not be a flash in the pan. We will pursue them everywhere. They will not escape.”
Initial Results
The effects are already being felt:
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- Families report former members.
- Some neighborhoods, once off-limits, are becoming accessible again.
To consolidate these gains, reintegration programs and job creation for young people will be essential. For many Congolese, this operation marks a turning point: the state is regaining control of public space and keeping its promise to protect citizens.
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